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George Clymer (1754?–1834) from Philadelphia, Pennsylvania was an American engineer and inventor (there is no evidence that Clymer's middle initial was "E.", although his name is sometimes given in this form, perhaps because of a misreading of the 1790 Federal Census). Around 1813 he invented the Columbian Printing Press. This was a cast-iron, lever-operated replacement for the wooden screw presses which had been in use in Europe since the fifteenth century and in North America since the seventeenth. Clymer appears to have begun making wooden presses of the traditional type before 1800, and may have introduced refinements to the design.〔Oldham, Robert, "The Columbian press at 200", p. 51.〕 His Columbian Press was inspired in part by the earlier English Stanhope press. Clymer found a limited market for his press in the United States, so in 1817 he moved to England to compete in the European market with the Stanhope Press, and later with the Albion press. Clymer made a success of his press-manufacturing business, and spent the rest of his life in England. He died in London in 1834 at the age of eighty. After his death the Columbian Press continued to be sold by the firm he had established, and was also made by other manufacturers in the United Kingdom and elsewhere in Europe. ==Examples== Surviving examples of the Columbian Press can be found in many museums: *William Clowes Ltd. Printing Museum, Beccles, Suffolk, England *Werkstattmuseum für Druckkunst (Workshop Museum for the Art of Printing), Leipzig, Germany *Milton Keynes Museum Printshop, England *Amberley Working Museum, Amberley, West Sussex, England *Cambridge Museum of Technology, Cambridge, England *National Print Museum of Ireland *Foyer of ''The Sydney Morning Herald'', Sydney, Australia *The Eagle Press at Crich Tramway Village, Crich, Matlock, Derbyshire, England *Ulster Folk and Transport Museum, Northern Ireland * BIP Printing Workshop, Brighton, UK 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「George E. Clymer」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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